2019 Fccc XCM: complaints, problems and recalls
Explore the records behind recurring owner reports.
Key facts
0 owner complaints analyzed
11 distinct recall campaigns
Not available median reported failure mileage
Scope: 2019 model year. Data updated: . 0 complaints include usable failure mileage. View data status.
Most common problems
No owner complaints are recorded for this selection. A complaint can name multiple components.
Component breakdown
Number of unique complaints naming each component. Top eight shown.
No usable records for this chart.
| Category | Count |
|---|
No records.
Reported problems by failure mileage
Complaint counts in mileage bands. These are not failure rates per vehicle or mile.
| Category | Count |
|---|---|
| Under 25,000 | 0 |
| 25,000 to 49,999 | 0 |
| 50,000 to 74,999 | 0 |
| 75,000 to 99,999 | 0 |
| 100,000 to 149,999 | 0 |
| 150,000 and above | 0 |
Under 25,000: 0; 25,000 to 49,999: 0; 50,000 to 74,999: 0; 75,000 to 99,999: 0; 100,000 to 149,999: 0; 150,000 and above: 0
No usable failure mileage is recorded. 0 complaints have missing, zero or invalid mileage.
Complaints over time
Year the complaint was filed, not the vehicle model year or incident year. The snapshot year is partial.
No usable records for this chart.
| Category | Count |
|---|
No records.
Pattern summary
There is not enough complaint evidence to summarize patterns.
Calculated from recorded counts. An AI narrative has not been published for this selection.
Examples from the source records
Examples provide context, not a representative sample or a verified diagnosis.
Recall history
11 distinct campaigns affect this selection. Announcement dates below are different from vehicle model years. A campaign may cover multiple years.
18V353000 · Service Brakes, Hydraulic:Foundation Components:Disc:Caliper
Reported: 2018-05-29 (May 29, 2018)
Daimler Trucks North America LLC (DTNA) is recalling certain 2017-2019 Freightliner M2 Business Class, 108SD, 114SD and Cascadia trucks, Western Star 4700, 4900, and 5700 trucks, FCCC S2C 106 Cab, S2G Cab, XBR, XBS, XCL, XCM, XCP, XCR, and XCS chassis equipped with air disc brakes. The brake caliper mounting bolts on these vehicles may be insufficiently tightened, allowing the bolts to loosen.
Consequence: If the brake caliper mounting bolts loosen, braking performance may be reduced, increasing the risk of a crash.
Remedy: DTNA will notify owners, and dealers will inspect the brake caliper mounting bolts and tighten them as necessary, free of charge. DTNA issued owners an interim notification on July 25, 2018. The recall began September 4, 2018. Owners may contact DTNA customer service at 1-800-547-0712. DTNA's number for this recall is FL-772.
NHTSA campaign record ↗18V582000 · Exterior Lighting:Turn Signal | Exterior Lighting:Brake Lights | Electrical System
Reported: 2018-08-31 (August 31, 2018)
Daimler Trucks North America LLC (DTNA) is recalling certain 2016-2019 Freightliner Custom Chassis Corporation (FCCC) XBR, XBS, XCR, XCM, XCL, and XCS recreation vehicle chassis. The rear mounted Power Distribution Module (PDM) may have been damaged during manufacturing, possibly resulting in the rear marker lights, brake lights, or turn signals not functioning.
Consequence: Nonfunctioning lights can increase the risk of a crash.
Remedy: The remedy for this recall is still under development. DTNA issued owners an interim notification on October 24, 2018. The recall began May 29, 2019. Owners may contact DTNA customer service at 1-800-547-0712. DTNA's number for this recall is FL788.
NHTSA campaign record ↗18V703000 · Service Brakes, Air:Disc:Caliper
Reported: 2018-10-05 (October 5, 2018)
Daimler Trucks North America, LLC (DTNA) is recalling certain 2018-2019 Freightliner 108SD, 114SD, Cascadia, Business Class M2, Freightliner Custom Chassis Corporation S2C 106 Cab, S2G Cab Chassis, XCL, XCM, XBS, XCP, XCR, Western Star 4700, 4900 and 5700 trucks. The brake caliper mounting bolts may have been insufficiently tightened.
Consequence: Loose brake caliper mounting bolts can reduce brake effectiveness, increasing the risk of a crash.
Remedy: DTNA will notify owners, and dealers will check and tighten the brake caliper mounting bolts, free of charge. The recall began December 3, 2018. Owners may contact DTNA customer service at 1-800-547-0712. DTNA's number for this recall is FL-794.
NHTSA campaign record ↗18V913000 · Suspension:Front:Control Arm | Steering:Linkages:Tie Rod Assembly | Steering
Reported: 2018-12-19 (December 19, 2018)
Daimler Trucks North America LLC (DTNA) is recalling certain 2017-2019 Freightliner 114SD, 122SD, 108SD, Cascadia and Business class M2 trucks, Freightliner Custom Chassis XBS, XCL, XCM, MT45, MT55, S2G, S2RV, XCR and XCS custom chassis and Western Star 4700, 4900 and 5700 trucks equipped with Detroit Axle axles. The affected vehicles may have loose steering and tie rod arm bolts.
Consequence: Loose tie rod arm bolts may lead to separation of the tie rod arm, resulting in a loss of vehicle control, increasing the risk of a crash.
Remedy: DTNA has notified owners, and dealers will inspect the steering arm and tie rod arm bolts for to make sure that they are properly tightened, installing new fasteners as necessary, free of charge. The recall began February 9, 2019. Owners may contact Daimler Trucks at 1-800-547-0712. DTNA's number for this recall is FL-802.
NHTSA campaign record ↗19V367000 · Service Brakes, Air:Disc
Reported: 2019-05-14 (May 14, 2019)
Daimler Trucks North America LLC (DTNA) is recalling certain 2019 Freightliner 108SD, 114SD, Business Class M2, Cascadia, Western Star 5700, and FCCC XC Chassis vehicles equipped with air disc brakes. The brake caliper mounting bolts may have been insufficiently tightened.
Consequence: Loose brake caliper mounting bolts may reduce the brake effectiveness, increasing the risk of crash.
Remedy: DTNA will notify the owners and affected vehicle manufacturers, and DTNA dealers will inspect and repair the vehicles, free of charge. The recall is expected to begin July 12, 2019. Owners may contact DTNA customer service at 1-800-547-0712. DTNA's number for this recall is FL-816.
NHTSA campaign record ↗20V127000 · Service Brakes, Air:Disc:Caliper
Reported: 2020-03-03 (March 3, 2020)
Daimler Trucks North America LLC (DTNA) is recalling certain 2019-2020 Freightliner 108SD, 114SD, Cascadia, Business Class M2, Western Star 4700 and 5700, Freightliner Custom Chassis S2, Custom Chassis XB, and Custom Chassis XC vehicles equipped with air disc brakes. The brake caliper mounting bolts may have been insufficiently tightened.
Consequence: Loose brake caliper mounting bolts can reduce brake effectiveness, increasing the risk of a crash.
Remedy: DTNA will notify owners, and dealers will inspect and repair the vehicles, free of charge. The recall began May 1, 2020. Owners may contact DTNA customer service at 1-800-547-0712. DTNA's number for this recall is FL-845.
NHTSA campaign record ↗20V404000 · Exterior Lighting:Turn Signal | Exterior Lighting:Brake Lights | Electrical System
Reported: 2020-07-14 (July 14, 2020)
Daimler Trucks North America LLC (DTNA) is recalling certain 2018 Freightliner Custom Chassis Corporation (FCCC) XBP, 2016-2019 XCM, 2017-2020 XCS, 2018-2019 XBR, 2017-2019 XBS, 2016-2019 XCL, 2017-2020 XCP and 2016-2020 XCR recreation vehicle chassis that received the 'inspection-only' remedy from recall 18V-582. The rear mounted Power Distribution Module (PDM) may have been damaged during manufacturing, possibly resulting in the rear marker lights, brake lights, or turn signals not functioning.
Consequence: Non-functioning exterior marker lights can increase the risk of a crash.
Remedy: DTNA will notify owners, and dealers will replace the PDM, free of charge. DTNA issued owners an interim notification September 4, 2020. Owners may contact DTNA customer service at 1-800-547-0712. DTNA's number for this recall is FL-856.
NHTSA campaign record ↗20V485000 · Electrical System: Instrument Cluster/Panel
Reported: 2020-08-14 (August 14, 2020)
Daimler Trucks North America LLC (DTNA) is recalling certain 2018-2019 Freightliner Custom Chassis XCL, XCP, XCR and XCS and 2015-2019 Custom Chassis XCM vehicles. The instrument panel brightness cannot be adjusted, possibly causing glare when driving at night. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 101, "Control and Displays."
Consequence: Glare can reduce the driver's visibility of the road, thus increasing the risk of a crash.
Remedy: DTNA will notify owner, and dealers will update the software and processor, as necessary, free of charge. The recall began on April 1, 2021. Owners may contact DTNA customer service at 1-800-547-0712. DTNA's number for this recall is FL-859.
NHTSA campaign record ↗20V529000 · Tires:Valve | Tires
Reported: 2020-09-01 (September 1, 2020)
Daimler Trucks North America LLC (DTNA) is recall certain 2018-2019 Freightliner Custom Chass XCL, 2018-2021 Freightliner XCM chassis, XCS Chassis and MC Chassis and 2017-2021 XCR Chassis. The tire valve stem extension for the inner wheel may come in contact with the outer wheel rim opening and become damaged.
Consequence: Extensive damage to the valve stem extension may result in a loss of tire pressure of the inner wheel, increasing the risk of a crash.
Remedy: DTNA will notify owners and dealer will inspect the inner wheel valve stem stabilizers and adjust as needed, free of charge. If the adjustment does not resolve the issue then the inner valve stem will be replaced, free of charge. The recall began October 29, 2020. Owners may contact DTNA customer service at 1-800-547-0712. DTNA's number for this recall is FL-861.
NHTSA campaign record ↗21V00H000 · Exterior Lighting:Turn Signal | Exterior Lighting:Brake Lights | Electrical System
Reported: 2021-12-23 (December 23, 2021)
Daimler Trucks North America LLC (DTNA) is recalling certain 2018 Freightliner Custom Chassis XBP, 2017-2020 XBR, 2017-2022 XBS, 2016-2019 XCL, 2016-2023 XCM, 2017-2021 XCP, 2016-2023 XCR, and 2017-2023 XCS recreational vehicle chassis. The rear mounted Power Distribution Module (PDM) may have internal damage, which could result in the rear marker lights, brake lights, or turn signals not functioning.
Consequence: Non-functioning brake lights, rear markers, or turn signals can reduce vehicle visibility to other drivers, increasing the risk of a crash.
Remedy: Dealer will install a secondary fused harness, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed March 18, 2022. Owners may contact DTNA customer service at 1-800-547-0712. DTNA's number for this recall is FL917. This recall is an expansion of NHTSA recalls 20V-404 and 18V-502. Vehicles previously recalled will need to receive the new remedy repair once it is available.
NHTSA campaign record ↗21V921000 · Tires:Valve
Reported: 2021-11-23 (November 23, 2021)
Daimler Trucks North America, LLC (DTNA) is recalling certain 2017-2019 Freightliner Custom Chass XCL, 2017-2022 XCM, XCS, 2017-2023 MC, XCR, 2018-2019 XBR, 2018-2020 XBS, 2018-2022 MBC, MT55, S2C, S2G, S2RV vehicles. The tire valve stem extension for the inner wheel may come into contact with the outer wheel rim opening and become damaged.
Consequence: Damage to the valve stem extension may result in a loss of tire pressure of the inner wheel, increasing the risk of a crash.
Remedy: Dealers will remove the inner valve stem extensions and stabilizers, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed January 18, 2022. Owners may contact DTNA customer service at 1-800-547-0712. DTNA's number for this recall is FL912. Note: This recall supersedes and expands recall 20V-529 (FL-861). Vehicles previously repaired under 20V-529 will need to have the new remedy completed under this recall.
NHTSA campaign record ↗Vehicle analysis explorer
Inspect model-year patterns, reported mileage, monthly activity and the evidence behind each signal.
Data completeness
0 unique complaints in this selection. Analysis snapshot: 2026-09-30.
Missing, zero and invalid mileage is excluded. Dates after the snapshot are excluded. Examples are limited selections, not a representative sample.
Problems by model year
Model-wide comparison of the eight most reported components across the model. Cells show counts and shares within each model year. Open a cell for source examples.
| Component | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrical System | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 233.3% | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 150.0%ODI 11748515Defect: On Freightliner Custom Chassis diesel motorhomes the entire instrument cluster is a single all-digital "OptiView" LCD (Medallion 12.3", part 66-02439-000). The factory adhesive bonding the cover glass to the LCD delaminates under normal service, spreading bubbles and haze across the screen. It is widely reported across many coach brands on this chassis (Newmar, Tiffin, Coachmen, Winnebago, Entegra, American Coach) and occurs in cold climates as well as hot - an inherent material defect, not misuse. Safety risk: OptiView puts every prim… | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. |
| Electrical System: Instrument Cluster/Panel | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 116.7%ODI 11600473The dashboard on this has turned a very bright LIME GREEN. It is very hard to drive this at night because it is severely blinding to see the road. I have contacted Freightliner and Winnebago and I keep getting the run around. This happened when this was still under warrantee and I have been trying to get someone to help me. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 150.0%ODI 11756130 · 20,000 miThe contact owns a 2021 Freightliner XC-M chassis. The contact stated that the instrument cluster had become delaminated, making the display difficult to read. The local dealer was not contacted. The vehicle was not diagnosed or repaired. The manufacturer was not notified of the failure. The approximate failure mileage was 20,000. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. |
| Service Brakes | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 150.0%ODI 11748515Defect: On Freightliner Custom Chassis diesel motorhomes the entire instrument cluster is a single all-digital "OptiView" LCD (Medallion 12.3", part 66-02439-000). The factory adhesive bonding the cover glass to the LCD delaminates under normal service, spreading bubbles and haze across the screen. It is widely reported across many coach brands on this chassis (Newmar, Tiffin, Coachmen, Winnebago, Entegra, American Coach) and occurs in cold climates as well as hot - an inherent material defect, not misuse. Safety risk: OptiView puts every prim… | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. |
| Structure:Body | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 1100.0%ODI 11387393 · 30,000 miTHE DOUBLE-PANE HEHR WINDOWS ARE SEPARATING, AND I FEAR THE OUTER PANE WILL FLY-OFF AND SHATTER ON THE HIGHWAY.*DT*DT*JB*JB | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 116.7%ODI 11350512 · 19,243 miFRONT ENTRY DOOR CAME OPEN AT HIGHWAY SPEED OF 55 MPH ON, OR ABOUT AUGUST 3, 2020 FOR THE SECOND TIME. GLAD PASSENGER WAS WEARING SEAT BELT.*DT*JB | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. |
| Exterior Lighting | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 116.7% | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. |
| Power Train:Axle Assembly | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 116.7%ODI 11666288 · 37,500 miThe contact owns a 2018 Freightliner XC-R Raised Rail Rear Engine Motor Home Chassis. The contact stated that while in reverse(R), the rear wheels were moving in the opposite direction other than what was intended. Due to the failure, the contact needed assistance from another person outside the RV to safely maneuver the RV while reversing into a parking spot. The manufacturer was notified of the failure and the contact was instructed to drop the tag axle which would lift the weight off the axle, allowing the RV to operate as needed while in re… | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. |
| Structure | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. |
| Structure:Emergency:Escape/Egress/Exit | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 116.7%ODI 11340337 · 19,000 miTL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2018 FREIGHTLINER (FCCC MJ106042S) MC RV. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE WINDOW IN THE ENTRY WAY DOOR EXPLODED WITHOUT IMPACT WHILE DRIVING AND DETACHED FROM THE RV. THE CONTACT COASTED OVER TO THE SIDE OF THE ROAD AND REMOVED THE DEFECTIVE PART. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT TAKEN TO A DEALER AND WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS MADE AWARE OF THE OF THE FAILURE BUT OFFERED NO ADDITIONAL ASSISTANCE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS APPROXIMATELY 19,000.*DT *LN*JB | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 00.0%No examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. | 0UnavailableNo examples available for this selection. |
Darker cells indicate a larger share of submitted complaints. Components overlap. This measures complaint composition, not failure probability.
Failure mileage by component
Median and middle 50% of usable owner-reported mileages. Ranges require at least five records.
| Component | Mileage range (25th–75th percentile) | Median | Usable records | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No usable records for this analysis. | ||||
Complaint and recall timeline
Explore monthly filing activity alongside recall announcements. Up to ten years of monthly history is available.
Solid line: filed complaints. Dashed amber lines: recall announcement dates for this vehicle selection; markers include all recall components. The latest month is partial. Temporal proximity does not establish causation.
Monthly counts, recall campaigns and complaint examples
| Month | Complaints | Campaigns announced | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-10 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2024-11 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2024-12 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2025-01 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2025-02 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2025-03 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2025-04 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2025-05 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2025-06 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2025-07 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2025-08 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2025-09 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2025-10 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2025-11 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2025-12 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2026-01 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2026-02 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2026-03 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2026-04 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2026-05 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2026-06 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2026-07 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2026-08 | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
| 2026-09 (partial) | 0 | None | No examples available for this selection. |
Emerging complaint spikes
Complete months in the latest six months with at least 10 complaints, at least twice the preceding 12-month average, and at least three square-root deviations above that average.
This is a descriptive screening rule, not a statistical defect finding. Publicity and reporting changes can increase submissions.
No complete months meet the spike thresholds for this selection.
Equal-age model-year comparison
Model-wide cumulative reports during the first three or five calendar years, starting with the model year (age 0). Only fully elapsed windows are compared.
2022: 1 complaints · 2023: 0 complaints
| Model year | Through age 0 | Through age 1 | Through age 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2023 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Date coverage across each selected cohort
| Year | Incident dates used | Filing date fallbacks | Excluded dates |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 2023 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Incident date is preferred when valid and no later than filing; otherwise filing date is used. Model year approximates age. Equal observation time does not adjust for sales, distance driven or reporting delays. One complaint linked to multiple model years can appear in each cohort.
Components reported together
Each cell counts unique complaints naming both components. Open a nonzero cell for examples.
| Component |
|---|
| No usable records for this analysis. |
Co-reporting does not establish that one component caused another concern.
Recurring narrative patterns
Specific keyword mentions beyond broad component labels. Matching includes negations and comparisons and does not confirm a diagnosis.
0 patterns with matching reports.
No narratives match the published patterns.